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Reference framework

DTRF — Developmental Transition Readiness Framework

← All readiness indicators

Readiness indicator · R3

Communication

Ability to express needs, preferences, ideas, questions, and requests effectively.

Across developmental stages

What this looks like, stage by stage.

  1. S1

    Early Childhood

    ≈ 3–5 years

    Uses words, signs, gestures, or AAC to request, refuse, and comment.

  2. S2

    Childhood

    ≈ 6–9 years

    Asks and answers simple questions; explains needs to familiar adults.

  3. S3

    Pre-Adolescence

    ≈ 10–12 years

    Expresses opinions and reasons; communicates effectively in small groups.

  4. S4

    Early Adolescence

    ≈ 13–15 years

    Self-advocates in familiar settings; adjusts register for peers vs. adults.

  5. S5

    Pre-Transition

    ≈ 15–16 years

    Communicates needs and goals in less-familiar settings (workplace, agency).

  6. S6

    Formal Transition Age

    16+ years

    Communicates disability disclosure and accommodations clearly when appropriate.